Publication Ethics

Lingua: Jurnal Ilmiah is committed to maintaining the highest standards of academic integrity, research integrity, and publication ethics. The journal expects all authors, editors, reviewers, and other parties involved in the publication process to uphold principles of honesty, transparency, accountability, fairness, and respect for intellectual property.

This Publication Ethics Policy applies to all manuscripts submitted to and articles published in Lingua: Jurnal Ilmiah.

1. Plagiarism Policy

Lingua: Jurnal Ilmiah requires all submitted manuscripts to be original and appropriately acknowledge the work of others. Authors are responsible for ensuring that all ideas, arguments, words, data, findings, quotations, and other materials obtained from other sources are properly cited and acknowledged.

All manuscripts undergo plagiarism screening using appropriate plagiarism-detection software. Initial screening is normally conducted by the editorial team before a manuscript is sent for peer review. Additional screening may be conducted during the review or production process when necessary.

Plagiarism includes, but is not limited to:

1. presenting another person's ideas, words, data, findings, or intellectual work as one's own;
2. copying text from another source without appropriate quotation and citation;
3. inappropriate paraphrasing that substantially follows the original source without adequate acknowledgment;
4. using tables, figures, images, research instruments, or other materials without appropriate acknowledgment or permission where required; and
5. substantial reuse of an author's previously published material without appropriate citation or disclosure (self-plagiarism).

The similarity score generated by plagiarism-detection software is used as a screening indicator and not as the sole basis for determining plagiarism. Editors assess the nature, extent, and context of detected similarities, including whether the similarities result from properly cited quotations, references, standard terminology, methodological descriptions, or other legitimate sources.

As an editorial guideline, manuscripts with a similarity index above 20% may be returned to the authors for clarification and/or revision. This percentage is not an automatic threshold for rejection. A manuscript with a lower similarity score may still contain plagiarism, while a higher score may result from legitimate and properly acknowledged similarities.

If plagiarism is identified before publication, the journal may request clarification or revision, reject the manuscript, or take other appropriate action depending on the severity of the violation.

If plagiarism is identified after publication, the journal will investigate the matter and may issue a correction, editorial notice, or retraction, depending on the circumstances and seriousness of the case.

2. Duplicate and Redundant Publication

Authors must not submit the same manuscript simultaneously to more than one journal. A manuscript submitted to Lingua: Jurnal Ilmiah must not have been previously published in substantially the same form elsewhere.

Authors must disclose any previous or concurrent publication that substantially overlaps with the submitted manuscript, including conference papers, preprints, theses, dissertations, book chapters, or other related publications where relevant.

Duplicate or redundant publication includes:

• simultaneous submission of substantially the same manuscript to multiple journals;
• publication of substantially the same research findings in more than one publication without appropriate disclosure;
• substantial reuse of previously published material without appropriate citation or justification; and
• unnecessary fragmentation of research findings into multiple publications in a manner that misrepresents the research record.

If duplicate or redundant publication is identified before publication, the manuscript may be rejected. If identified after publication, the journal may take appropriate corrective action, including issuing a correction or retracting the article where necessary.

3. Authorship and Contributorship

Authorship should accurately reflect substantial contributions to the research and/or manuscript. All individuals listed as authors must have made meaningful contributions and must approve the final version of the manuscript.

Authors are expected to have contributed substantially to one or more of the following:

• conception or design of the research;
• data collection, analysis, or interpretation;
• development of the research methodology;
• drafting or critically revising the manuscript; and
• approval of the final version and responsibility for the integrity of the work.

Individuals who have contributed to the work but do not meet the criteria for authorship should be appropriately acknowledged.

The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that:

1. all qualified contributors are appropriately listed as authors;
2. all authors have approved the submitted manuscript;
3. all authors agree with the order of authorship; and
4. no qualified contributor has been inappropriately excluded.

Gift authorship, honorary authorship, and ghost authorship are not permitted.

Any request to add, remove, or change the order of authors after submission must be appropriately justified and approved by all authors.

4. Conflict of Interest

Authors, editors, and reviewers must disclose any financial, personal, professional, institutional, or other relationships that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the research or publication process.

Potential conflicts of interest may include:

• financial interests or sources of funding;
• employment or consultancy relationships;
• personal or professional relationships;
• institutional affiliations;
• academic or professional competition or collaboration; and
• other interests that may affect objectivity.

Authors must disclose relevant conflicts of interest during manuscript submission.

Reviewers should decline an invitation to review a manuscript if they have a conflict of interest that may compromise their impartiality. Editors should likewise avoid handling manuscripts in which they have a significant conflict of interest.

A conflict of interest does not necessarily prevent publication. Appropriate disclosure allows potential conflicts to be managed transparently.

5. Research Ethics

Authors are responsible for ensuring that their research complies with relevant ethical standards, institutional requirements, and applicable laws and regulations.

Research involving human participants, interviews, observations, personal data, or other potentially sensitive information must be conducted in accordance with appropriate ethical principles.

Where applicable, authors should obtain approval from an institutional or recognized research ethics committee before conducting the research and provide relevant information regarding ethical approval in the manuscript.

Informed consent should be obtained where required. Authors must protect participants' privacy, confidentiality, dignity, and rights. Personally identifiable information should not be published without an appropriate ethical and legal basis and, where applicable, informed consent.

Where formal ethical approval is not required, authors may be asked to provide an appropriate statement explaining why ethical approval was not necessary.

6. Data Availability and Reproducibility

Authors are responsible for maintaining accurate and reliable research data and supporting materials underlying their published work.

Where appropriate and ethically permissible, authors are encouraged to make relevant datasets, research instruments, analytical procedures, coding materials, or other supporting materials available to facilitate verification and reproducibility.

Authors must not fabricate, falsify, manipulate, or selectively misrepresent research data or results.

When research data cannot be publicly shared because of ethical, legal, privacy, confidentiality, or other legitimate restrictions, authors should clearly state the relevant restrictions and, where possible, explain how qualified researchers may obtain access.

The editors may request supporting data or materials when necessary to assess the validity or integrity of the research.

7. Corrections and Retractions

Lingua: Jurnal Ilmiah is committed to maintaining an accurate and reliable scholarly record.

When an error is identified after publication, the journal will assess its nature and significance and may publish a correction or clarification where appropriate.

A correction may be issued when an error affects the accuracy or clarity of an article but does not invalidate its principal findings or conclusions.

Retraction may be considered when an article contains serious problems that substantially undermine its validity, reliability, or ethical integrity. Grounds for retraction may include, but are not limited to:

• substantial plagiarism;
• fabricated or falsified data;
• serious research or ethical violations;
• duplicate publication;
• major undisclosed conflicts of interest; or
• other forms of serious research or publication misconduct.

Retraction decisions will be based on an appropriate editorial investigation and consideration of available evidence. A retracted article will remain part of the journal's scholarly record but will be clearly identified as retracted.

8. Complaints and Appeals

Lingua: Jurnal Ilmiah welcomes legitimate complaints and appeals concerning editorial decisions, peer review, authorship, publication procedures, ethical issues, or other aspects of the publication process.

Authors may appeal an editorial decision when they believe that the decision resulted from a significant factual error, misunderstanding, procedural problem, or other substantial issue.

An appeal should provide a clear explanation of the grounds for the appeal and, where appropriate, supporting evidence. Appeals will be reviewed by the Editor-in-Chief or an appropriate member of the editorial team who was not directly responsible for the original decision whenever practicable.

Complaints and appeals will be handled fairly, objectively, and confidentially. Where necessary, the journal may seek advice from independent experts or relevant institutions.

The submission of an appeal does not guarantee that the original editorial decision will be overturned.

9. Use of Generative AI

Lingua: Jurnal Ilmiah recognizes that generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools can assist authors in certain aspects of research and manuscript preparation. However, the use of AI does not transfer responsibility for the manuscript from the authors to the AI tool.

Authors remain fully responsible for the originality, accuracy, integrity, and ethical standards of their manuscripts.

Permitted Uses

Authors may use generative AI tools for appropriate purposes such as:

• grammar and language improvement;
• spelling and stylistic editing;
• translation assistance;
• improving clarity and readability; and
• other limited forms of editorial assistance.

The use of AI for such purposes must not compromise the originality, accuracy, confidentiality, or integrity of the research. 

When AI has been used substantially in the preparation of a manuscript, authors should disclose its use in an appropriate statement in the manuscript. Such disclosure should identify the AI tool and describe how it was used.

However, authors remain responsible for the final text regardless of the extent of AI assistance.

Disclosure of Substantive AI Use

When generative AI has been used to produce or substantially develop textual, analytical, visual, or other substantive content of a manuscript, authors should disclose the use of the tool in the manuscript or during submission, as appropriate.

The disclosure should identify the AI tool used and briefly explain its purpose.

Basic language correction or proofreading assistance does not normally require detailed disclosure unless otherwise requested by the journal.

Author Responsibility

Authors remain responsible for verifying all content produced or assisted by AI, including:

• factual claims;
• data and research findings;
• citations and references;
• quotations;
• interpretations and conclusions; and
• any other scholarly content.

AI-generated content must not be presented as verified evidence without appropriate human review.

Generative AI must not be used to fabricate or manipulate research data, results, citations, references, images, or other scholarly evidence.

AI tools cannot be listed as authors or co-authors because they cannot accept responsibility for the research, approve the final manuscript, disclose conflicts of interest, or respond to questions concerning the integrity of the work.

Confidentiality and Peer Review

Authors, editors, and reviewers must protect confidential information throughout the publication process. Unpublished manuscripts, reviewer reports, personal information, proprietary information, or other confidential materials should not be uploaded to generative AI systems when doing so could compromise confidentiality, intellectual property, or the integrity of the peer-review process.

The journal may request clarification regarding the use of generative AI when necessary to ensure compliance with this policy.

 

Lingua: Jurnal Ilmiah reserves the right to update this Publication Ethics Policy when necessary to reflect developments in scholarly publishing, research ethics, and responsible use of emerging technologies.